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1100s
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Seljuk Empire   |
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Mysore Kingdom S India |
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Kalachuri India |
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Delhi Sultanate India 1206 - 1527 321 |
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Garhwal Kingdom India |
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Gampola Sri Lanka |
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Maragheh, Tabriz, Soltaniyeh
| 1256 Mongol IlKhanid dynasty is established in Iran under Hülegü. |
| 1262 - 7 5 Berke/Hulagu war |
| 1263 Hulegu assumes title of "Ilkhan" as ruler of Persia x1265 |
| 1271 Marco Polo passes throough Iran en route to China |
| 1295 1 IlKhanids convert to Islam under Ghazan Khan. |
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Maragheh, Tabriz, Soltaniyeh.
Buddhism, Shamanism, Twelver Shia Islam.
Mongol, Persian, Turkish.
1310 3.75M KM
| 1304 - 16 12 Oljeitu/ Muhammad Khudabanda |
| 1304 Oljeitu becomes shiite |
| 1316 New capital Sultaniyeh built. Iran & his own domed mausoleum |
| 1335 Abu Said dies & Ilkhan khanate dynasty ends disintegration of Mongol rule in Persia. |
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Nishapur, Rey, Isfahan, Iran  Perian, Arabic 3.9KM
1040 Battle of Dandanqan  Seljuqs defeat Ghaznavids at , near Merv. |
1064 - 1308 42 ByzantineSeljuk wars  |
| 1071 Battle of Manzikert Seljuqs, under AlpArslan, defeat Byzantine emperor Romanus Diogenes at & establish Turkish sultanate of Rum in Anatolia. |
1072 - 92 20 Melik Şah 1
Division of Sultanate into three parts: Nicaea (Anatolia), Hamadan (Persia), & Merv (Transoxiana & Khurasan). |
| 1073 Seljuqs defeat Qarakhanids. |
| 1079 Malik Shah I reforms Iranian Calendar. Franks start to settle around Way of Saint James (Today, modern North Spain) |
| 1100 turkicspeaking Seljuks expand in Persia, Mesopotamia & Turkey |
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| 1006 Tower of Gonbade Qabus in Iran built. |
| 1086 7 1 Domes of Jamé Mosque of Isfahan, Iran are built |
| 1000 - 48 48 Abū Rayhān alBīrūnī of Persia Iran writes more than a hundred books on many different topics. |
| 973 - 1048 75 Abū Rayhān alBīrūnī, Persian Iranian. polymath: scientist, anthropologist, historian, sociologist, astronomer, chemist, encyclopedist, geodesist, geographer, geologist, Islamic philosopher & theologian, mathematician, physicist, psychologist, pharmacist, teacher & traveller |
| 1058 - 1111 53 AlGhazali (a.k.a. Algazel), celebrated Muslim scholar, Iran. |
| 945 - 1020 75 AlSijzi, Iranian Persian mathematician & astronomer |
| 1000 Law of sines is discovered in Iran by Muslim mathematicians, but it is uncertain who discovers it first between AbuMahmud alKhujandi, Abu Nasr Mansur, & Abu alWafa. |
| 971 - 1029 58 Kushyar ibn Labban, Iranian Persian mathematician, astronomer, & geographer |
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| 1153 overthrow of Seljuq Sultanate of Merv by Oghuz mercenaries. |
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| 1111 Death of philosopher & mystic alGhazali |
| 973 1048 1031 Abū Rayhān alBīrūnī of Iran writes Kitab alqanun al-Mas'udi |
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| 1250 Iran Choghazanbil Castle |
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| 1274 Death of astronomer Nasir alDin Tusi |
| 1327 With disintegration of Seljuk Empire, Arab & Persian regions are fragmented into several military kingdoms until 1500. |
| 1310 - 79 69 Hafez Iranian Persian poet |
| 1329 Saint Thaddeus Monastery |
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| 1408 emirate of Black Sheep Turks is established in western Persia. |
| 1447 Battle of Damghan |
| 1467 White Sheep Turks defeat Black Sheep Turks in Persia. |
| 1468 - 1565 97 Mir Chakar Khan Rind, a Baloch king. Iran |
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@ Not specified
Timurid Empire
1387 - 93 6 |
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@ Tabriz 1468
Oghuz
Sunni Islam
Monarchy
| 1378 - 1435 57 Kara Yülük Osman |
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Ghazni later Lahore, Afghanistan
| 1010s extension of Ghaznavid rule from Iraq to Sind. |
| 1049 AliBaha odowleh, Abol Hasan, Soltanson of Mas'ud 1 |
| 1049 Mohammad 2 Soltan ^ Mowdud |
| 1049 - 52 3 Abd orRashid Ezz odowleh, Abu Mansur, Soltan 1022 1052 ^ Mahmud |
| 1052 Toghrel Soltan Usurper |
| 1052 - 9 7 Farrokhzad Jamal odowleh, Abu Shoja', Soltan 1026 1059 ^ Mas'ud 1 |
| 1059 - 98 39 Ebrahim Zaheer odowleh, Abol Mozaffar, Soltan |
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| 1020 Death of Firdawsi, author of Shahnama, Persian national epic |
| 1000 Remaining Signs of Past Centuries is written by Abū Rayhān alBīrūnī. Afghanistan. |
| 1004 - 88 84 Nasir Khusraw, Persian poet, Afghanistan. theologian, philosopher, & traveler |
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| 1221 Mongols conquer Herat (Afghanistan) |
| 1221 Mongol conquest of Khurasan & Afghanistan. |
| 1295 Ghazan, Ilkhan, converts to Islam |
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1369 - 1405 36 Timur ("Tamerlane"), , nominally under authority of Chagatai KhanateThe third era of fragmentation follows, as Timur's Empire loses cohesion & local rulers strive against each other.
| 1405 Death of Timuri Lang (Tamerlane, Timur Lame), brutal ruler of Samarkand who had cut a wide swath of destruction across Persia & Middle East. Timur founded Timurid Dynasty & had become renowned for building pyramids out of skulls of his slain enemies. (buried in Samarkand) on his way to conquer China & his empire disintegrates |
| 1407 Timur's son Shah Rukh reconquers most of Timur's empire |
1405 - 9 4 Rustam @ Arabistan
| 1409 Shah Rukh moves Timurid capital to Herat |
| 1414 Khizr Khan, deputised by Timur to be governor of Multan takes over Delhi founding Sayyid dynasty |
| 1420 Ulugh Beg begins to build Registan in Samarkand |
| 1410 Turcoman horde Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep) captured Baghdad & their leaders ruled western parts of Timurid realm. In East however, Shah Rukh was able to secure his rule in Transoxiana & Fars. |
| 1417 Shah Rukh is succeeded by his son Ulugh Beg |
| 1449 Ulugh Beg is murdered by his own son |
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| 1469 Battle of Qarabagh Abu Said dies & western Timurid empire (the Ilkhan) dissolves |
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Timurid Herat
| 1478 Husayn Bayqara rules Timurids from Herat |
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| 1167 Skardu Fort Pakistan |
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| Second Chera or Kulasekhara Empire |
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| 1000 - 50 50 Bhoja Philosopher king & polymath of Malwa in India |
| 1000s Bilhana Kashmiri Language Poet |
| 1019 - 66 47 Sripati Mathematician & Astronomer |
| 1000s Andhra Pradesh Castle Chandragiri |
| 1000s Karnataka Castle Mudgal |
| 1000s Maharashtra Castle Purandar |
| 1058 Maharashtra Castle Vishalgad |
| 1080 Captured Uttar Pradesh Castle Agra Fort |
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| 1025 ruler Rajendra Chola 1 moves capital city of empire from Thanjavur to Gangaikonda Cholapuram |
| 1042 Bhoja, Indian ruler, philosopher, & polymath of Malwa, completes reconstruction of temple of Somnath after its destruction by Mahmud of Ghazni. |
| 1100s Karnataka Bankapura Nagareswara Temple |
| 1103 - 1205 13 Maharashtra Castle Vijaydurg |
| 1123 Andhra Pradesh Madhavaraya Temple in Gandikota |
| 1150s Karnataka Hangal Tarakeshwara Temple |
| 1156 Rajasthan Jaisalmer Forteresse |
| 1178 Maharashtra Castle Panhala |
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| 1200s Andhra Pradesh Castle Kondapalli |
| 1200s Maharashtra Castle Torna |
| 1200s Tamil Nadu Castle Gingee Fort |
| 1204 Karnataka Castle Belgaum |
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| 1304 Mongols under Ali Beg invade India but are repelled by Delhi sultanate |
| 1347 - 1527 Maharashtra Castle Sajjangad |
| 1351 - 1480 29 Maharashtra Castle Hulmukh Darwaza |
| 1354 Rajasthan Bundi Palace |
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| 1498 Portuguese navigator Vasco de Gama reaches India by sea |
| 1469 Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born. On this date Sikhs commemorate birth of founder of Sikh faith & first of Ten Gurus. |
| 1443 Abdur Razzaq visits India |
| 1001 27 26 Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into Northern India; he finishes in 1027 with destruction of Somnath. |
| 1050 Kandariya Mahadeva temple in India is built in . |
| 1193 Nalanda, great Indian Buddhist educational centre, is destroyed. |
| 1451 Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends throne of Delhi sultanate starting Lodhi dynasty |
| 1469 Guru Nanak, founder of Sikh Religion |
| 1114 - 85 71 Bhaskara 2 Indian mathematician & astronomer |
| 1193 Prithvi raj Chauhan, First Muslim Empire Established in India by mohommad Ghori by defeating Prithviraj chauhan |
| 950 - 1020 70 Abhinavagupta, Indian philosopher, logician, musician, poet & dramatist from Kashmir region |
| 1469 - 1539 70 Guru Nanak Founder or Sikhism. Revered by Hindus & Muslim Sufis across India |
| 1400 mi Kalburgi Castle |
| 1400 Maharashtra Castle Karnala |
| 1400s Maharashtra Castle Korigad |
| 1400s Rajasthan Castle Ram Pol |
| 1400s Rajasthan Chittorgarh Fort |
| 1410s Madhya Pradesh Bassein Castle |
| 1490 captured Maharashtra Rajgad Castle |
| 1490 Maharashtra Janjira Castle |
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Southern India Various, including Poompuhar, Urayur, Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram A Tamil Empire.
| 1010 Brihadeeswarar Temple of India is completed in during reign of Rajaraja Chola 1. |
| 1025 Chola Dynasty of India uses its naval powers to conquer South East Asian kingdom of turning it into a vassal. |
| 1017 - 37 20 Ramanuja Chola Indian theologian, philosopher, & spiritual leader |
| 1068 beginning in this year, Virarajendra Chola India sends military raids into Malaysia & Indonesia. |
| 1070 death of Athirajendra Chola & ascension of Kulothunga Chola I marks transition between Medieval Cholas & Chalukya Cholas, India. |
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Vijayanagara EmpireSouth IndiaVijayanagaraThe founding of original kingdom was based on principality of Anegondi.
| 1336 Vijayanagara Empire is founded in South India by Harihara in |
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Vijayanagara EmpireSouth IndiaVijayanagaraThe founding of original kingdom was based on principality of Anegondi.
| 1485 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya drives out Praudha Raya ending Sangama Dynasty India |
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13th century is greatest period in history of Pandyan Empire. Their power reached its zenith under Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan in middle of 13th century. foundation for such a great empire was laid by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan early in 13th century.
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Pandya Revival
| 1309 - 2718 Sundara Pandyan 4 |
| 1309 - 45 36 Vira Pandyan 4 |
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Mysore, Srirangapatna
Under Vijayanagara Empire
1399 - 1565 166 |
| 1423 - 59 36 Chamaraja Wodeyar 1 |
| 1459 - 78 19 Timmaraja Wodeyar 1 |
| 1478 - 1513 35 Chamaraja Wodeyar 2 |
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Feudatory of Kalyani Chalukyas
| Mallugi > overthrown by brother Sankama |
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| 1328 Mongol Invasion India but are repelled by Delhi sultanate |
| 1398 Timur invades India & sacks Delhi, causing demise of Delhi Sultinate |
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1325 - 51 26  Muhammad bin Tughluq |
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Dambadeniya
1220 - 1354 134
| 1220 - 70 50 from Dambadeniya |
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Dambadeniya
1220 - 1354 134
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Kingdom of Kotte
1412 - 1597 185
@ Kotte
Sinhala
Monarchy
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Delhi
Persian & Turkic
Sunni Islam
Sultanate
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@ Delhi
Persian & Turkic
Sunni Islam
Sultanate
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India |
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@ Many cities in current Madhya Pradesh state |
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Muzaffarid 1391 - 1573 182 |
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Muzaffarid
1391 - 1573 182 |
| 1451 - 8 7 QutbudDin Ahmad Shah 2 Jalal Khan |
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| 1068 - 85 17 Seunachandra 2 overcame civil war, defeated Bhillama 4 to become king. |
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@ Dhar, Mandu
1406 - 32 26  HusamudDin Hoshang Shah |
| 1432 - 6 4 TajudDin Muhammad Shah 1 |
1436 - 69 33 AlaudDin Mahmud Shah 1
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| 1469 - 1500 31 GhiyasudDin Shah |
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Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
0* |
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Gujarat, India
| 1021 - 63 42 Bhimdev 1 ^ Naagraj & Nephew of Durlabhraj. |
| 1171 - 6 5 Ajavapal. Nephew of Kumarpal. |
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Manyakheta, Basavakalyan, South India
| 1060 Kedareshwara Temple of Balligavi, India, is built in by Western Chalukyas. |
| 1075 - 6 1 Western Chalukya Civil War Western Chalukya monarch Somesvara II plans to defeat his own ambitious brother Vikramaditya VI by allying with a traditional enemy, Kulothunga Chola I of Chola Empire; Somesvara's forces suffered heavy defeat, & was eventually captured & imprisoned by Vikramaditya, who proclaimed himself king. |
| 1093 Battle of Vengi Vikramaditya VI, ruler of Western Chalukya Empire, defeats army of Kulothunga Chola I in . |
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Manyakheta, Basavakalyan, South India
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| 1100s In India, Hoysala architecture reaches a peak. |
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| 1170 - 98 28 Ananga Bhima Deva 2 |
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| 1211 - 38 27 Anangabhima Deva 3 |
| 1279 - 1306 28 Narasimha 2 |
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Warangal, India.
| 1195 - 83 Mahadeva brother of King Rudradeva |
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1199 - 1261 62 Ganapathi deva
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| 1262 - 96 34 Rudrama devi |
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Bikrampur
Sanskrit, Bengali
Hinduism
Purushottamadeva
| ? 1231 Madhumathana ^ 1st * |
| 1231 43 12 Damodaradeva ^ |
| Dasharathadeva @ Bikrampur |
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| 1410s Sixty Dome Mosque Bangladesh |
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1000s |
1100s |
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1400s |
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Sri Lanka
Aryacakravarti
1262 - 1450 188 |
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Kingdom of Kotte
1450 - 67 17 |
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Gampola
| 1344 - 59 15 from Dedigama |
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Sri Lanka
Vijayabahu
1056 - 1187 31 |
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Ala ud din Masud
